Sultry summer days can be enjoyable, but they also pose risks for heat-related illnesses. Recognizing the symptoms of heat exhaustion and heat stroke is crucial.
Heat stroke is the most severe form of heat illness, characterized by confusion, altered mental status, and a core body temperature exceeding 104 degrees Fahrenheit (40 degrees Celsius). Heat exhaustion is less severe but can manifest through muscle cramps, headaches, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting.
Both conditions exist on a spectrum of heat-related illnesses:
- Heat Rash: A red, stinging rash that appears in areas where sweat gets trapped.
- Heat Cramps: Painful cramps occurring due to loss of salts and fluids from excessive sweating.
- Heat Exhaustion: Occurs when the body cannot regulate its temperature through sweating; untreated, it can lead to heat stroke.
- Heat Stroke: The most severe illness, where body temperature rises rapidly and sweating may cease.
Symptoms of heat exhaustion and heat stroke include:
Heat Exhaustion:
- High body temperature (101 F to 104 F).
- Pale skin.
- Muscle cramps.
- Headaches.
- Dizziness.
- Weakness and fatigue.
- Rapid breathing.
- Nausea and vomiting.
Heat Stroke:
- High body temperature above 104 F.
- Dry, red skin.
- Inability to sweat.
- Seizures.
- Dizziness or fainting.
- Slurred speech.
- Hallucinations and altered mental state.
- Confusion, aggression, or agitation.
Risk factors for these illnesses include age (young and older adults are most vulnerable), activity level (those exercising in the heat are at higher risk), dehydration, and lack of acclimatization to the heat.
If experiencing signs of heat exhaustion, it is essential to move to a cooler area, hydrate, and take measures to lower body temperature. Immersing in cold water and applying ice packs to specific areas can help. If symptoms worsen or signs of heat stroke appear, seek emergency medical assistance immediately.
Preventive measures include staying hydrated, avoiding intense activities in extreme heat, taking breaks, and being attentive to the signs of heat illness in yourself and others. Awareness and proactive steps can help prevent heat-related illnesses.
